Learning Objectives
- Understand the basic principles of quantum physics, including wave-particle duality and quantization of energy.
- Explore key phenomena such as the photoelectric effect and quantum tunneling.
- Apply quantum principles to solve problems in atomic and molecular physics.
Language Goals
- Learn scientific terms related to quantum physics.
- Practice explaining quantum phenomena in English.
- Enhance comprehension of scientific texts about quantum mechanics.
Terminology
| Term (English) | Translation (Kazakh) |
|---|---|
| Quantum | Квант |
| Photon | Фотон |
| Wave-Particle Duality | Толқын-бөлшек дуализмі |
| Superposition | Суперпозиция |
| Quantum Tunneling | Кванттық туннелдеу |
Glossary
Quantum: The smallest discrete amount of energy that can be transferred or absorbed.
Photon: A quantum of electromagnetic energy that behaves like a particle.
Wave-Particle Duality: The concept that particles like electrons exhibit both wave and particle properties.
Superposition: The principle that a quantum system can exist in multiple states simultaneously.
Quantum Tunneling: A phenomenon where particles pass through barriers that they classically should not overcome.
Theory
Quantum physics is the branch of physics that deals with phenomena on very small scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles. Key principles include:
- Wave-Particle Duality: Particles such as electrons and photons exhibit both particle and wave properties. For example, electrons can form interference patterns in a double-slit experiment.
- Quantization: Energy is transferred in discrete units called quanta, as seen in the photoelectric effect.
- Superposition: A particle can exist in multiple states simultaneously until observed.
The Schrödinger equation describes how quantum systems evolve over time:
iħ(∂ψ/∂t) = Ĥψ
Where ψ is the wavefunction, Ĥ is the Hamiltonian operator, and ħ is the reduced Planck constant.
Exercises on Memorization
- Define «quantum» in your own words.
- Explain the principle of wave-particle duality.
- Match the following terms with their definitions:
- Photon
- Superposition
- Quantum Tunneling
Video Tutorial
Examples
Example: Calculate the energy of a photon with a frequency of 5 × 10¹⁴ Hz.
Investigation Task
Use the simulation below to explore the photoelectric effect:
Collaborative Activity
In pairs or groups, discuss the real-world applications of quantum physics in technology, such as quantum computing or medical imaging. Share your findings with the class.
Additional Resources
Visit Save My Exams for more practice questions and resources on quantum physics.
Reflection
Reflect on today’s lesson by answering the following:
- What is one key concept you learned about quantum physics?
- What challenges did you face in understanding quantum phenomena?
- How can quantum principles be applied in modern technology?