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Physical quantities and units
Kinematics
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Deformation of solids
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Deformation of Solids
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Orbits and Satellires
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Momentum. Conservation of momentum
A Level
0/12
Circular motion
Gravitational fields
Temperature
Ideal gases
Thermodynamics
Oscillations
Electric fields
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Magnetic fields
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Quantum physics
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Lesson objectives 11-12 Grade
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General physics
Об уроке
Learning Objectives:

Learning Objectives

  • Understand the concepts of simple harmonic motion (SHM) and its characteristics.
  • Learn the mathematical description of oscillations.
  • Analyze the energy changes in oscillatory systems.
Language Goals:

Language Goals

  • Familiarize with scientific terms related to oscillations and SHM.
  • Practice explaining oscillatory motion concepts in English.
  • Improve comprehension of scientific texts about oscillatory systems.
Terminology:

Terminology

Term (English) Translation (Kazakh)
Oscillation Тербеліс
Amplitude Амплитуда
Frequency Жиілік
Period Период
Simple Harmonic Motion Қарапайым гармоникалық қозғалыс
Glossary:

Glossary

Oscillation: Repeated motion around an equilibrium position.

Перевод
Тепе-теңдік нүктесінің айналасындағы қайталанатын қозғалыс.

Amplitude: The maximum displacement from the equilibrium position.

Перевод
Тепе-теңдік нүктесінен максималды ауытқу.

Frequency: The number of oscillations per unit of time.

Перевод
Бір уақыт бірлігіндегі тербеліс саны.

Period: The time it takes for one complete oscillation.

Перевод
Бір толық тербелісті орындау үшін қажет уақыт.

Theory:

Theory

Oscillations are a type of motion where an object moves back and forth repeatedly around an equilibrium position. The simplest form is *Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)*, which is characterized by a restoring force proportional to the displacement. The displacement (-displacement-) in SHM is given by the equation:

x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ)

Where:

  • *A* is the amplitude (maximum displacement).
  • *ω* is the angular frequency (related to the frequency by ω = 2πf).
  • *φ* is the phase constant (determines the initial position).

In SHM, the energy of the system alternates between -kinetic energy- and -potential energy-.

Exercises on Memorization:

Exercises on Memorization

  1. Define the term «amplitude» in your own words.
  2. List three examples of oscillatory motion in everyday life.
  3. Match the following terms with their definitions:
    • Oscillation
    • Amplitude
    • Frequency
    • Period
Video Tutorial:

Video Tutorial


Examples:

Examples

Example: A pendulum swings with a period of 2 seconds. Calculate its frequency.

Pendulum example

Solution
The frequency (f) is the reciprocal of the period (T): f = 1/T = 1/2 = 0.5 Hz.
Investigation Task:

Investigation Task

Use the simulation below to explore how mass and spring stiffness affect oscillations:


Answer
When mass increases, the period increases. When spring stiffness increases, the period decreases.
Collaborative Activity:

Collaborative Activity

In pairs or groups, discuss the role of oscillations in engineering or natural systems (e.g., bridges, musical instruments). Present your ideas to the class.

Additional Resources:

Additional Resources

Visit Save My Exams for more practice questions and resources on oscillations.

Reflection:

Reflection

Reflect on today’s lesson by answering the following:

  • What is one key principle of oscillations you learned today?
  • What challenges did you face understanding these concepts?
  • How can the principles of oscillations be applied in real-world scenarios?
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