Learning Objectives
- Understand the concepts of simple harmonic motion (SHM) and its characteristics.
- Learn the mathematical description of oscillations.
- Analyze the energy changes in oscillatory systems.
Language Goals
- Familiarize with scientific terms related to oscillations and SHM.
- Practice explaining oscillatory motion concepts in English.
- Improve comprehension of scientific texts about oscillatory systems.
Terminology
| Term (English) | Translation (Kazakh) |
|---|---|
| Oscillation | Тербеліс |
| Amplitude | Амплитуда |
| Frequency | Жиілік |
| Period | Период |
| Simple Harmonic Motion | Қарапайым гармоникалық қозғалыс |
Glossary
Oscillation: Repeated motion around an equilibrium position.
Amplitude: The maximum displacement from the equilibrium position.
Frequency: The number of oscillations per unit of time.
Period: The time it takes for one complete oscillation.
Theory
Oscillations are a type of motion where an object moves back and forth repeatedly around an equilibrium position. The simplest form is *Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)*, which is characterized by a restoring force proportional to the displacement. The displacement () in SHM is given by the equation:
x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ)
Where:
- *A* is the amplitude (maximum displacement).
- *ω* is the angular frequency (related to the frequency by ω = 2πf).
- *φ* is the phase constant (determines the initial position).
In SHM, the energy of the system alternates between and .
Exercises on Memorization
- Define the term «amplitude» in your own words.
- List three examples of oscillatory motion in everyday life.
- Match the following terms with their definitions:
- Oscillation
- Amplitude
- Frequency
- Period
Video Tutorial
Examples
Example: A pendulum swings with a period of 2 seconds. Calculate its frequency.
Investigation Task
Use the simulation below to explore how mass and spring stiffness affect oscillations:
Collaborative Activity
In pairs or groups, discuss the role of oscillations in engineering or natural systems (e.g., bridges, musical instruments). Present your ideas to the class.
Additional Resources
Visit Save My Exams for more practice questions and resources on oscillations.
Reflection
Reflect on today’s lesson by answering the following:
- What is one key principle of oscillations you learned today?
- What challenges did you face understanding these concepts?
- How can the principles of oscillations be applied in real-world scenarios?