General physics
    Об уроке
    Understand the objectives:

    Learning Objectives

    • Understand the nature and properties of waves.
    • Distinguish between transverse and longitudinal waves.
    • Analyze wave parameters such as amplitude, frequency, wavelength, and speed.

    Language Objectives

    • Use key terms to describe wave properties and behaviors.
    • Explain wave concepts using precise scientific language.
    • Collaborate to discuss and solve wave-related problems in pairs or groups.
    Learn key terms:

    Terms (English and Kazakh)

    English TermKazakh Term
    WaveТолқын
    AmplitudeАмплитуда
    FrequencyЖиілік
    WavelengthТолқын ұзындығы
    Wave SpeedТолқын жылдамдығы
    Learn the glossary:

    Glossary

    • Wave: A *disturbance* that transfers energy from one point to another without transferring matter.
      Перевод
      Толқын
    • Amplitude: The *maximum displacement* of a point on the wave from its rest position.
      Перевод
      Амплитуда
    • Frequency: The number of complete wave cycles passing a point in a given time.
      Перевод
      Жиілік
    • Wavelength: The distance between two successive crests or troughs of a wave.
      Перевод
      Толқын ұзындығы
    • Wave Speed: The speed at which a wave propagates through a medium.
      Перевод
      Толқын жылдамдығы
    Understand the theory:

    Theory

    A **wave** is a *disturbance*</su_tooltip] that travels through a medium, transferring energy. Waves can be categorized as **transverse** or **longitudinal** depending on the direction of motion relative to the energy transfer.

    **Key Parameters of Waves**:

    • Amplitude: Indicates the wave’s energy.
    • Wavelength: Distance between repeating points on the wave.
    • Frequency: Measured in hertz (Hz), it describes how many cycles occur per second.
    • Wave Speed: Given by the formula:

      Wave Speed = Frequency × Wavelength

    Transverse waves, like light, have oscillations perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer, while longitudinal waves, like sound, oscillate parallel to the energy transfer.

    Practice the terms:

    Exercises on Terminology


    Watch the video lesson:

    Video Lesson


    Learn from examples:

    Examples and Solutions

    Example: A wave has a frequency of 5 Hz and a wavelength of 2 m. Calculate its speed.

    Wave Speed = Frequency × Wavelength = 5 Hz × 2 m = 10 m/s

    Detailed Solution

    To calculate wave speed, use the formula Wave Speed = Frequency × Wavelength. Substituting the values, Wave Speed = 5 × 2 = 10 m/s.

    Solve exercises:

    Interactive Exercises


    Answers
    • Question 1: Correct Answer: XYZ
    • Question 2: Correct Answer: ABC
    Explore with a simulator:

    Research Task

    Use this online simulator to observe wave properties and behaviors:

    Task: Adjust the frequency and amplitude in the simulator. Record how these changes affect the wave’s behavior.

    Sample Observations
    • Increasing amplitude makes the wave taller but does not affect speed.
    • Increasing frequency shortens the wavelength, keeping the speed constant.
    Collaborate in groups:

    Group Activity

    In pairs or groups, design a demonstration of wave properties using everyday materials (e.g., rope or slinky). Record your findings and explain how these relate to wave concepts.

    Reflect on your learning:

    Reflection

    Reflect on today’s lesson by answering the following questions:

    • What is the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves?
    • How does wavelength relate to wave speed and frequency?
    • What real-world examples of waves can you relate to the concepts learned?

    Write your reflections in a journal or discuss them with a peer.